fit <- svm(factor(outcome)~., data= train, probability= T)
pre <- predict(fit, test, decision.value= T, probability= T)
Machine learning is made up of three parts:
?formula
) can shed some light regarding .
interpretation :There are two special interpretations of . in a formula. The usual one is in the context of a data argument of model fitting functions and means ‘all columns not otherwise in the formula’: see terms.formula. In the context of update.formula, only, it means ‘what was previously in this part of the formula’.
.
is used differently by reshape
and reshape2
packages:?cast
There are a couple of special variables: "..." represents all other variables not used in the formula and "." represents no variable